Stellar structure and evolution kippenhahn, weigert. Van tieghem and douliot 1886 interpreted the plant body of a vascular plant in the different way. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. The stele is a real entity and present universally in all axis of higher plants. Stelar evolution of pteridophytes, sporangial organization homospory and heterospory. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. Stelar theory also says that the cortex and the stele are the two fundamental. Stelar theory article about stelar theory by the free. Stelar theory the theory describing the structure of and the interrelationships between various types of steles in higher plants. Introduction and historical summary over the past 70 years, many fern classifications, nearly all based on morphology, most explicitly or implicitly phylogenetic, have been proposed.
Pteridophytes constitute a significant and important group in the plant kingdom. Life cycles of lycopodium, selaginella, equisetum, adiantum and marsilea. Every care has been taken to present the subject in a simple language and in a profusely illustrated manner for better understanding. The first vascular plants rapidly diversified to cover the earth. Pteridophytes are polysporangiate, either homosporous or heterosporous. Basic types of steles protostele central xylem, surrounding phloem. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails.
Pteridophyta have life cycle known as metagenesis with two generations, they are sporophyte and gametophyte generations. In pteridophytes the stele is divided in to different type on the basis of arrangement of. But trust me the first thing that you notice is the abundant foliage of fern plants. Complete 18s ribosomal rna sequence data from representatives of all extant pteridophyte lineages together with rna sequences from different seed plants were used to infer a molecular phylogeny of vascular plants that included all major land plant lineages. A fern polypodiopsida or polypodiophyta is a member of a group of vascular plants that. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. Reproductive biology of pteridophytes springerlink. According to the older botanists, the vascular bundle is the fundamental unit in the vascular system of pteridophytes and higher plants. Van tieghem and douliot 1886 interpreted the plant body of vascular plant in the different way.
This is nowhere more conspicuous than in the ferns and lycophytes, the only organisms in which both phases are capable of independent, free. Endodermis is the boundary between cortex and stele. Gametophytes of homosporous ferns publications of the ias fellows. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Pteridophyte definition of pteridophyte by merriamwebster. View and download powerpoint presentations on pteridophytes ppt. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks. Stelar theory, components of stele, different types of steles in plants, protostele. Both these components stele and cortex are separated by the endodermis. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about pteridophytes ppt.
Unlike the bryophytes, the sporophytethe asexual generationis well developed and divided, except in psilotophyta, into stems, leaves, and roots. They possess certain combinations of major characters which are not found in bryophytes or in phanerogams. Some of the most important types stelar system in ferns are as follows. An updated checklist of pteridophytes of district mansehra, khyber pukhtunkhwapakistan article pdf available in plant science today 32. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes.
Lectures have their place in the scientific society for they often provide the stimulus for a formalization of a field of study. In general, pteridophytes have a long fossil record and. Pdf an updated checklist of pteridophytes of district. Pteridophytes or ferns first appeared in the fossil record more than 350 million years ago. The sexuality of pteridophyte gametophytes can be classified as follows. These ferns, in biological terms, are nothing but the pteridophytes, belonging to the division pteridophyta of the plant kingdom. Nov 12, 2014 types of stele in pteridophytes and its evolution. Textbook of paleobotany a textbook of bryophytes pteridophytes gymnosperms and paleobotany a textbook in bryophtes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and paleobotany mathematical literacy grade 12 textbook pdf download textbook a textbook of practical botany ii share a textbook of practical botany ii dsm v textbook textbook unc atc textbook pdf.
Life forms of pteridophyta, their origin and evolution. Pteridophyte definition is any of a division pteridophyta of vascular plants such as a fern that have roots, stems, and leaves but lack flowers or seeds. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. The sporophyte was the dominant phase of the life cycle of these early pteridophytes. Pteridophytes free download as powerpoint presentation. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email. Engler 1886 suggested the term embryophyta to include bryophytes, pteridophytes, and spermatophytes. Evolution of hawaiian ferns and fern allies in relation to.
Therefore the pericycle xylem and phloem together is called stele. Morphological diversity and evolution of vegetative organs pteridophytes download pteridophytes or read online here in pdf or epub. At that time, what is now temperate europe and north america had climate conditions that favored yearround growth. Pteridophytes ferns and lycophytes are freesporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating. The molecular data indicate that lycopsids are monophyletic and are the earliest diverging group within the vascular land plants. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. The following separation of the main growth forms of pteridophyta is proposed.
Stelar evolution in pteridophytes ppt by easybiologyclass. The sporophyte is much larger and longer lived than the gametophyte. University botanyi is a comprehensive textbook for students of 1st year b. Evolution and biogeography of gymnosperms request pdf. The fern gametophyte is an autotrophic, freegrowing entity with a definite form. Pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and free living, although the sporophyte is generally much larger and more conspicuous. New results have added to our knowledge about the gametophytesporophyte junction in bryophytes, hornworts and pteridophytes and its significance for archegoniate land plant evolution. Ferns, horsetails often treated as ferns, and lycophytes clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts are all pteridophytes. When you think of forests and woods, you can picture trees, abundant lush green ferns, and other plants.
The pteridophytes occupy the intermediate position in between the bryophytes on one hand and the phanerogams on the other. As with all plants, in pteridophytes, meiosis is sporic, meaning that cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis and generate spores that then develop into the gametophyte via mitosis. The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns pdf phd thesis. Type of stelar system in pteridophytes all part inside endodermis are called stele.
Different types of steles in pteridophytes and its evolution in higher plants. In addition, in pteridophytes, the gametophyte is often very thin and can be unistratose, especially at the margins. O proposed by van tieghem and douliot in 1886 o major highlights in stellar theory are. Types of stele and its evolution in pteridophytes duration. The plant body can be divided into a true root, stem, and leaves. Stelar theory also says that the cortex and the stele are the two fundamental parts of a shoot system. The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants. Introduction and fundamental principles, basic assumptions, theorems, and polytropes, sources and sinks of energy, flow of energy through the star and construction of stellar models, theory of stellar evolution, relativistic stellar structure, structure of distorted stars, stellar pulsation and oscillation, the. Each of these can be divided into life forms according to a series of morphological and other characters. Primitive siphonostele protostele with central pith. Tissues like pericycle, medullary rays and pith are also the components of stele. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body.
Haeckel 1866 called these groups of plants as pteridophytes because of their pinnate or feather like fronds leaves. Pteridophytes article about pteridophytes by the free. General characters characteristics, life cycle, alternation of generation and life cycle of pteridophytes ferns ppt and pdf download. Pteridophyta general characteristics, classification and stelar system pteridophyta are the most primitive vascular plants. And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the pteridophytes. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. Heterosporous megaspores important in species identifications and gametophyte development is endosporic. The life cycles of the different classes and families of the pteridophyta are quite unique. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. The vascular tissues are usually surrounded by pericycle, which.
In the pteridophyte division both the sporophyte and gametophyte generations live as free living plants. Types of stele and its evolution in pteridophytes youtube. Different types of protostele, siphonostele and solenostele with examples. Sumita, assistant professor, department of botany, pggc11, chandigarh. Stelar evolution of pteridophytes sporangial organization. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. In higher vascular plants pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms, the leaf traces are large, and it appears that they play an important role in the vascular. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows.
Types of stelar systems and its evolution in pteridophytes. Problems of cytology and evolution in the pteridophyta by manton, i. Stelar evolution in pteridophytes ppt types of steles and its evolution in pteridophytes ppt what is stele. Molecular evolution of pteridophytes and their relationship to seed plants. The most characteristic feature of the pteridophytes is the presence. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. Pdf difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes. The origin and early diversification of land plants marks an interval. Plant science botany evolution bar chart projects to try study type learning plants. The term stele for the first time was used by van tieghem and douliot in 1886 in their stelar theory. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida.
Pteridophytes have a distinctive alternation of independent free living generations. Stelar evolution in pteridophytes easybiologyclass. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term or sensu lato, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. Phytochemical studies in pteridophytes growing in brazil. The greater part of the stele is composed of vascular tissuesxylem wood and phloem bastwhich are arranged differently in different types of steles. Problems of cytology and evolution in the pteridophyta. Pteridophyta general characteristics, classification and. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term or sensu. Unlike bryophytes, fern sporophytes are freeliving and only briefly dependent on the maternal. The primary components of stele are xylem and phloem. The pteridophytes occupy an intermediate position between the bryophytes and gymnosperms. The use of pteridophytes in these works was classified in seven different types.
Stellar evolution is the result of that method of exposition. Evolution of stele in pteridophytes ppt easy biology class. The empirical basis of botanical systematics has been broadened far beyond the realm of macromorphological traits on which systematists have based their decisions for more than 200 years. Types of stelar system and its evolution in pteridophytes. The fundamentals of stellar astrophysics download book. Some of the species belonging to this division have small leaves called as the microphylls. Biology and evolution of ferns and lycophytes ncbi. This author lists a total of 671 references, but only one work had been carried out in brazil miraglia et al.
Pteridophyta teridafata os made from two greek roots that mean winged pteryz. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Pteridophytes differ from bryophytes in that the sporophyte is branched and generally much larger and more conspicuous, and from seed plants in that both generations are independent and free living. Among green plant lineages, none are as speciesrich as vascular plants tracheophytes. The origin of the sporophyte in land plants represents a fundamental phase in plant evolution. Evolution of the conducting tissue in pteridophyta. It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. Ferns can be used to illustrate the life cycle stages common to all pteridophytes. Unlike the bryophytes, these plants are in the mainstream of land plant evolution and eventually gave rise to the seed plants. Today this subject is controversial, and scarcely considered in textbooks and journals of botany, in spite of its importance.
The origin and early evolution of plants on land pdf. Publication date 1950 topics pteridophyta, karyokinesis publisher. Pteridophytes are free sporangiate where isospores or micro and megaspores are released through the dehiscence of sporangia. In pteridophytes, gametes are produced via mitosis from special cells of the gametophyte. Find plant tissue systems vector illustration labeled stock images in hd and millions of other royalty free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved after.
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