Maize corn is largely cultivated crop in north india. Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. A major part of the production is for own home consumption. Although maize is known as an agroversatile crop, ideal conditions are preferred for its optimum growth and productivity. Maize can be processed for a range of uses both as an ingredient in food or drinks, eg corn syrup in soft drinks or maize meal, or for industrial purposes. Maize is popularly known as corn and is one of the most versatile emerging cereal cash crops having wider adaptability under variety of climatic conditions. Regional patterns and trends ethiopia strategy support program essp ii research note 11 ethiopias crop agriculture is. According to advance estimate it is cultivated in 8.
On the other extreme there are some private and state owned farms of several. Maize cannot tolerate frost and hence it is a kharif crop sown just before the monsoons arrive in india. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. Pdf status and production technology of maize researchgate. No other crop utilises sunlight more effectively than maize, and its. The word maize derives from the spanish form of the indigenous taino word for the plant, maiz. The student himherself is doing the cultivation practices. Immediately after emergence, maize crop faces a serious threat of shoot fly and stem borer attack. The crop can be grown in various soils and weather conditions. Maize is an inferior grain which is used both as food and fodder. First 2025 days after sowing and second when on 4045 days after sowing. At maturity, the total energy used by one plant is.
Introduction maize being the highest yielding cereal crop in the world is a significant importance for countries like pakistan, where rapidly increasing population has already out stripped the available food supplies. It also provides information on the sowing rates of seed and planting material and the main agricultural practices. Sorghum is the second most important cereal after maize with 22% of total cereal area. A study on the impacts of corn cultivation zea mays l. It possesses over 32,000 genes on ten chromosomes with a genome size of 2. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. Corn, zea mays, also called indian corn or maize, cereal plant of the grass family and its edible grain.
Maize was domesticated in mesoamerica, in the region that is now mexico. The crop calendar is a tool that provides timely information about seeds to promote local crop production. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize. Cultivation on marginal crop lands is, however, not recommended. The domesticated crop originated in the americas and is one of the most widely distributed of the worlds food crops. In india, maize is the third most important food crops after rice and wheat. Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the united states in 2014. Plant population per unit area is more important than specific row width. Weeds are the serious problem in maize, particularly during kharifmonsoon season they competes with maize for nutrient and causes yield loss upto 35%.
Farmers are particularly interested to produce more of. For information about climate and soil, land preparation, varieties, high yielding hybrids and composites varieties, sowing, interculture, application of manures and fertilizers, irrigation, harvesting, etc. Hybrid maize is the greatest practical achievement of plant genetics to date. Maize cultivation corn process, profit and information. In the former gdr, as early as the 1970s, more than 300. Scientists believe that maize is derived from an earlier ancestral plant called teosinte. History of maize while land plants have existed on earth for nearly 500 million years, maize in the form that we are accustomed to today has only existed for approximately 6000 years. Maize stem borer is a single major insect problem which will reduce the average and yield by about 1030% under normal conditions. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk. It contains information on planting, sowing and harvesting periods of locally adapted crops in specific agroecological zones. Growing maize in nigeria united states agency for international development aid.
Maize production in india has grown at a cagr of 5. Indias maize production is in between 1014 million tones, with 80 90% of the production being in the kharif season. Maize grows best on deep, welldrained, fertile soils, and where total seasonal rainfall exceeds 500 mm. Avoid leaving waste weedy areas around the paddock edges as insect infestations can start in these areas and spread into the crop. Maize is the most important food crop in the w orld for people and animal due to its high quality nutrition. Maize is reasonably tolerant to soil acidity, but if the soil is very acid, liming will improve the soil and enhance maize yields. Therefore, timely weed management is needed for achieving higher yield. Maize cultivation and production technology bakhabar kissan. Maize has been identified as having a large potential for growth in production and profit for most farmers maize is the most widely grown crop in the americas with 332 million metric tons grown annually in the united states alone although 40% of the crop million tons is used for corn ethanol. Maize farming is one of the crop farming that is very suitable for nigerians, considering our great arable land. Irrigated puddled lowland rice any irrigated dry crop maize sorghum pearl millet finger millet cotton groundnut sunflower sesame. Today we want to share with you how to start your own successful maize farmingcultivation business in nigeria. Furthermore, the maize exists in different forms in respect to size and colour of plant and ear, type and size of the kernel, as is showed in figure 3. Maize farming corn information detailed guide agri farming.
Each ton of grain produced removes 15,0 to 18,0 kg of nitrogen, 2,5 to 3,0 kg of phosphorus and 3,0 to 4,0 kg of potassium from the soil. Published statistics of the area cultivated and planted with maize mostly ignore for example that maize is also grown as fodder or silage crop especially in countries where dairy production is developed. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Its grain provides food and is used for obtaining starch and glucose. Maize or corn can be cultivated successfully in a variety of soils ranging from clay loam to sand loamy to black cotton soil. Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout america with 332 million metric tons per annum in us alone. Maize production in the north west province mmidi tswana maize is the main staple food of the majority of south africans and is produced widely on a small scale as well as commercially. Maize or makka or corn crop cultivation guide maize. Evaluating climatic suitability of crop cultivation lays a foundation for agriculture coping with climate change scientifically. Mixed cropping, also known as polyculture, intercropping, or cocultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting two or more plants simultaneously in the same field, interdigitating the cropslike interlocking your fingersso that they grow together. Maize together with wheat and rice are the three most cultivated cereal crops worldwide suleiman et al. In most types of maize production, crop rotations are used to maintain the soil over a long period.
Summary of essp ii working paper 16, crop production in ethiopia. One of the challenges of growing maize is that the best methods for cultivation usually depend on local conditions. Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing a full guide. Herein, we analyse changes in the climatically suitable distribution of summer maize cultivation in china at 1. In a year maize crop requires at least 50 to 90 cm of rainfall.
It accounts for 9 per cent of total food grain production in the country. Major maize or corn growing states are uttar pradesh, rajasthan, mp, bihar, himachal pradesh, jammu and kashmir, and punjab which together account for twothirds of the total area and output of the crop. Pearl millet is a climate hardy crop which is grown in harsh conditions, but as a subsistence crop. In india maize cultivation mainly take before monsoon start and it is the kharif crop. Through a participatory planning process, along with leaders from shgs, cbos e. No other crop utilises sunlight more effectively than maize, and its yield per ha is the highest of all grain crops. Maize is susceptible to both drought and waterlogging.
The most heat and watersensitive growth stage of maize flowering must not coincide with midsummer drought. The environmental impact of maize cultivation in the. On a daily basis, we can access from maize about 66. Pdf maize has become one of the most important food and feed crops in bangladesh. The crop is often cultivated on small plots or even together with other backyard crops on the compound. For a better yield of maize, one should consider soils with good organic matter content having high water holding capacity. The cultivation and harvesting of maize in india maize. Packageofpractices for profitable maize cultivation cimmyt. Climatic suitability and spatial distribution for summer. Polyhouse garlic farming vellulli, cultivation practices. Icsnigeria commercial crop production guide series.
Maize also known as indian corn or simply as corn, is a food crop of considerable importance in many parts of the world, especially in the usa, which produces nearly 57 per cent or the total maize grown in the world as compared to about 1. Maize is the third most important cereal crop in india after rice and wheat. Maize production system book indian institute of maize research. Family poaceae on the properties of soil perera, k. Take atleast one or two hand weeding in maize crop. Maize can be grown under varied climatic and soil conditions. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Stem borer bores into the stem and makes a hole in the stem. K department of botany, open university of sri lanka, nawala, nugegoda, sri lanka abstract maize or corn zea mays l. Pdf a working manual on cultivation of maize in the summer.
Harvested from an area of 20 m ha in the semiarid regions of africa pearl millet contributes. How to download pdf book full guide outline of practical crop production. The average area of maize grown in nsw from 1998 to 2007 was 26,944 ha, producing 211,681 tonnes of grain figure ii. Unlike rice farming, much more of our land can easily be used for maize farming. The best methods of maize cultivation are conventional, conservation, reduced tillage and polyculture planting. Pdf on jan 1, 2012, sanjeev kumar and others published status and production technology of maize find, read and cite all the research. Maize is the third most important food crop in the world surpassed only by two other grains, wheat and rice kyenpia et al.
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